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The Commoditization of Populations
by Noel Sheppard
13 December 2004
The proportion of working-age adults who are still contributing to a nation’s entitlement
programs, rather than receiving benefits from them, is declining in almost every Western country.
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Twenty years from
now, what might the world’s most precious, depleting, natural resource be?
Oil? Steel? Lumber? How about working-age adults who are
still contributing to a nation’s entitlement programs rather than receiving
benefits from them?
Want to know how short the future supply of such people is? Well, across
the globe, nations like Japan, Australia, and Singapore are actually begging
their child rearing-age population to procreate. For instance, according
to the Tokyo correspondent for the BBC:
Japan
currently has one of the lowest birth rates in the world. [And] the government
says that unless the trend is reversed quickly, the shortage of children
risks doing damage to the economy. The decline in Japan's birth rate
is so severe they have invented a word for it -- 'shoshika', meaning a society
without children. Unless women here start having more babies,
the population in Japan is expected to shrink more than 20% by the middle
of this century. Nearly half would be elderly, placing impossible burdens
on the health and pension systems.
AAP reports a similar condition in Australia:
Treasurer
Peter Costello has already beseeched healthy young couples to procreate for
their country, and now a report on the economic implications of the aging
population has given his words extra weight. Far from blaming the baby
boomers for a projected doubling in the proportion of people aged 65 years
or more by 2044, the draft Productivity Commission report has found that
falling fertility is the major culprit.
Having
a bigger proportion of older people will increase the nation's healthcare
costs and diminish participation in the workforce, the report found.
The commission estimates that gross domestic product (GDP) growth per capita
could fall to 1.25 per cent per year in the 2020s -- about half its present
rate -- while health spending is likely to rise from six per cent to about
10.8 per cent of GDP by 2044.
Finally, a recent Times of London article forecasts a similarly dire situation brewing in Europe:
In
50 years there will be almost 100 million fewer people living in Europe,
according to a United Nations report. The UN’s latest study on international
migration released yesterday predicts that even if Europe gains an average
of 600,000 immigrants a year, its population will fall by 96 million by 2050.
Without the new arrivals, the decline would be even more spectacular: 139
million. Already immigration into Europe is partly helping to offset the
impact of declining birth rates. The continent’s population would have shrunk
by over four million in the final five years of the past century if it were
not for the latest wave of immigrants.
Certainly,
America is not immune to this global population crisis, as we are projected
to experience a doubling of our own senior demographic in the next 30 years
from the current 40 million to likely 80 million as our Baby Boomers retire.
Which begs the question: What has the world done wrong to get into
this predicament, and what can we do to solve this looming international
catastrophe?
To begin with, in 1968, Paul Ehrlich, Charles Remington, and Richard Bowers
created a non-profit organization called “Zero Population Growth.”
Its primary goal at the time was to draw attention to the global problems
associated with overpopulation, and to get American couples to start thinking
about having families with two children or less. Without question,
this concept spread throughout the industrialized world. However, the
problem is that at roughly the same time as this restrictive procreation
policy was being advocated, entitlement programs were being expanded, and
the mathematics involved in most required a continually increasing number
of workers to be paying into the system to support the ever-growing number
of retirees that would draw from it. As a result, the concepts of ZPG
were running quite contrary to the expanding socialist structure of many
governments.
Further complicating matters were the changing mores of a species that once
felt that procreation was a requirement. Paradoxically, this new ethos
not only made it socially acceptable to not have children inasmuch as couples
were helping the population “problem” by remaining childless, but also made
such a condition practically a badge of honor. As a result, people
from all walks of life in an increasing number of areas around the world
just intentionally stopped having babies.
Where does this leave us? Well, fortunately, America appears to be
better positioned for addressing this imminent disaster than most of our
trading partners. As discussed in the previously referenced London Times article:
Recent
years have seen North America overtake Europe as the preferred destination
for people looking to start a new life outside their native country. Between
1960 and 2000, the foreign-born population in the US more than tripled from
10 million to 35 million, with a further 8 million in Canada. Whereas four
decades ago, six out of every 100 people in North America was an international
migrant, the figure has now climbed to 13 per cent.
Given
this, the solution moving forward is clearly going to be job creation.
The nations that can employ people with the highest wages and the most desirable
standards of living are going to attract skilled labor from all over the
world, while enticing their own populations to not emigrate elsewhere.
As a result, contrary to the current arguments about American outsourcing,
it is quite conceivable that the exact opposite needs to occur in our nation
over the next several decades, and is already being fostered by a lower dollar
and higher energy costs.
In fact, a recent Wall Street Journal editorial addressed this concept called “insourcing:”
Insourcing
is what happens when foreign-headquartered multinationals operate subsidiaries
in the U.S. These companies contribute both to U.S. economic growth and living
standards.... Insourcing provided jobs for more than 5.4 million U.S. workers
in 2002, or nearly 5% of total private-sector employment. These are good-paying
jobs, too. The average annual compensation at such companies was a tad over
$56,000, or some 31% more than the average annual private U.S. compensation.
To be
sure, the notion of insourcing is so foreign to most Americans that Microsoft
Word doesn’t identify it, and the definition at Dictionary.com is not applicable.
Regardless, Japanese and German car companies like Honda, Toyota, Nissan,
and BMW for many years have been insourcing employees and manufacturing facilities
in America to combat fluctuating exchange rates while significantly reducing
transportation costs. Even the just announced purchase of IBM’s PC
unit by China’s Lenovo represents insourcing inasmuch as Lenovo will be retaining
all of IBM’s employees, and moving its headquarters to New York.
The bottom line is that with the current value of the U.S. dollar, as well
as the high cost of energy, we are likely going to see more foreign companies
expanding in America to overcome such rising expenditures. Moreover,
these same variables will likely make it less attractive for American companies
to move operations overseas, thereby reducing the trend of outsourcing that
has been such a political hot potato. In reality, it is quite likely
that this ancillary benefit of the dollar devaluation that we have seen in
the past three years is by no means accidental, and is probably a pivotal
component of America’s global economic strategy to create jobs here at home.
In addition to continually expanding the number of high-paying jobs that
are available in our nation, America is going to also have to quickly come
to grips with its illegal alien problem, and realize that immigration is
a strong component of our ability to grow our workforce. As a result,
the U.S. must not make the same errors that Europe appears to be heading
towards with regard to its Muslim population. As working age, productive
members of the society will continue to command a high premium around the
world, American immigration policy should be taking advantage of the apparent
biases that are surfacing elsewhere to once again make our nation the preferred
vocational destination of people from all parts of the globe.
Noel Sheppard is a business owner, economist, and writer residing in Northern California.
Email Noel Sheppard
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